Transformation of Sentences Part 1- Some rules and example sentences

THOUGH/ ALTHOUGH/ DESPITE/ INSPITE OF

Though/ although 

* Though he was not well, he took the exam.

Despite (+ing verb) or (+the fact) or (noun)

* Despite being ill, he took his exam.

* Despite the fact that he was ill, he took his exam.

* Despite his illness, he took his exam.

'In spite' is always followed by 'of'

* In spite of being ill/ In spite of the fact that he was ill/ In spite of his illness, he took his exam.

NOTWITHSTANDING AND NEVERTHELESS

Notwithstanding (+noun) or (+the fact that)

* Notwithstanding his illness, he took his exam.

* Notwithstanding the fact that he was ill, he took his exam.

Nevertheless is used to mean the same as 'yet' or 'still'

He was not well, nevertheless he took his exam.

OTHER SIMILAR FORMS

* Hardworking as he is, he failed in his exams.

* However he works hard/ However hard he works, he failed in his exams.

* However he is hard working/ However hardworking he is/
   However hardworking he may be, he ...

* Regardless of being sincere, he failed in his exams.

* No matter he is sincere, he failed in his exams.

* Sincere as he may be/ might have been, he failed in his exams.

* No matter what turns out, I will help my friend. / Come what may, I will help my friend.

* However it may affect him, he will go to Kedarnath temple.

BESIDES AND NOT ONLY

With 'besides', 'also' is not used as a rule. Besides will be followed by either an 'ing' verb or a noun/ noun phrase.
* Not only is/was he a renowned singer, but also a famous poet.

* Not only did/does he know Urdu, but also Spanish. / but Spanish too.

* Besides being a renowned singer, he is a famous poet.

* Besides having two luxury cars, he owns a sports car.

* Besides Mr. Singh, Mr. Sharma met me to express his concern.

* Besides other consequences of the treaty, it has sparked agony in people's hearts.

* He is both a renowned singer and a famous poet.

IF AND UNLESS

ALL CONDITIONALS HAVE TWO PARTS. THE FIRST CLAUSE EXPRESSES A CONDITION AND THE SECOND EXPRESSES ITS OUTCOME.

Unless= if + not

* If he is not back home by 5, we will have to go without him.

* Unless he is back home by 5, we will have to go without him.

* We will go with him as long as he is back home by 5./ Provided that he is back by 5, we will go with him. /Given that he is back by 5, we will go with him.

IN CASE= IF + WHEN

*Let me carry an umbrella in case it rains.

OTHER CONDITIONALS

* If he went to the market, he would buy milk.

  Were he to go to the market, he would buy milk.

* If I were the PM of my country, I would make stricter policies. /Were I the PM....

CONDITIONAL OF THE THIRD TYPE (HYPOTHETICAL CONDITIONS)

* If he had gone to the market, he would have bought apples. (Past perfect in the 1st part- WOULD HAVE + VERB 3RD FORM in the second) (The reality is he did not go to the market so the possibility of his having bought apples is hypothetical.)

* Had he gone to the market, he would have bought apples.

USE OF 'BUT FOR'

* If Raj had not been there, my life would not have been safe.

   But for Raj's presence, my life would not have been safe.

NO SOONER/ HARDLY (BARELY, SCARCELY) /AS SOON AS

No sooner + did + Verb 1st form__________than____________

* No sooner did he meet Roy than he gave him the document.

Hardly + had + Verb 3rd form (or Hardly + did + Verb 1st form)_____________when _______________

* Hardly had he met Roy when he gave him the document.

(Use comma with 'as soon as')

* As soon as he met him, he gave him the document.

WOULD RATHER/ HAD BETTER/ PREFER TO/ INSTEAD OF

* I would rather pursue a course in journalism than study science. (would rather+______than___)

* I had better pursue a course in journalism or I will have to study science. (had better + verb 1st form)

* I (will/ would) prefer studying journalism to studying science. (Prefer + to)

* Instead of studying science, I would study journalism.