FIRE AND ICE — ANALYSIS (CBSE CLASS 10)

Fire and Ice is an aphoristic poem (It conveys a lot of meaning in very few words). It discusses the possible causes of the apocalypse (the absolute end of the world). Well, these causes are not only physical (those discussed in the poem on the literal level) but also emotional: fire that symbolises desire and ice that symbolises hatred, both have the power to bring an end to the human civilisation.

The poem was written in 1920, shortly after the first World War. On the literal level, the poem accurately describes the ways in which the world could end: either everything will burn or everyone will be frozen to death. The poem, in a way, also draws inspiration from Dante's Inferno (a 14th century writing describing a journey into Hell).

The poem's most striking feature is its cool, conversational style. The tone of the poet does not seem to be discussing something serious and alarming rather something which is matter-of-fact and inevitable. (Notice the use of the word 'great' to describe ice as an alternative to fire for wiping out the Earth).

The poet says there are different opinions about whether the world will end in fire or ice. But on the basis of what he has experienced about human desires (greed, lust, hunger for power, etc.), he agrees with those who favour fire. (Favour fire- alliteration; tasted of desire- gustatory imagery)

However, if the destruction brought about by fire or desires is not potent enough to end the world, the poet very casually puts across 'ice' as another 'great' option for catalysing the apocalypse. 'Ice' symbolises hatred, indifference and insensitivity.

Symbolically, the poem poses a pertinent concern as to why we humans are becoming 'human animals' and the unfortunate reality that we are characterized by hatred, greed, lust and many other vices. The feelings of brotherhood, love, peace and contentment are lost amidst the materialistic world. This Kaliyuga is sure to bring a painful end to the world in the near future.