Figures of Speech/ Literary Devices

Literary Devices

1. Simile – A comparison using "like" or "as."


Example: She is as brave as a lion.

2. Metaphor – A direct comparison without using "like" or "as."


Example: Time is a thief.

3. Personification – Giving human qualities to non-human things.


Example: The wind whispered through the trees.

4. Implied Metaphor – A hidden or indirect metaphor.


Example: He barked orders at his team. (Compares him to a dog without directly saying it.)

5. Irony – Saying one thing but meaning the opposite or an unexpected outcome.


Example: A fire station burns down.

Situational, dramatic and verbal irony are the three types.

6. Alliteration – Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.


Example: She sells sea shells by the seashore.

7. Assonance – Repetition of vowel sounds.


Example: The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.

8. Consonance – Repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the end or middle of words.


Example: The lumpy, bumpy road.

9. Repetition – Repeating words or phrases for effect.


Example: "I have a dream... I have a dream..." (Martin Luther King Jr.)

10. Enjambment – The continuation of a sentence beyond a line break in poetry.


Example:
The moon was shining on the lake,
So bright it lit the night awake.

11. Transferred Epithet – An adjective applied to the wrong noun, but it still makes sense.


Example: He had a sleepless night. (The night isn’t sleepless, he is.)

12. Oxymoron – A phrase with contradictory words.


Example: Deafening silence.

13. Antithesis – Placing opposite ideas together for contrast.


Example: "Speech is silver, but silence is golden."

14. Hyperbole – An exaggerated statement.


Example: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.

15. Symbolism – Using an object to represent a deeper meaning.


Example: A dove represents peace.

16. Imagery – Descriptive language that appeals to the senses.


Example: The golden sun dipped below the crimson horizon.

17. Onomatopoeia – Use of words replicating sounds.

Example: The cat purred, the squeak of car brakes, a loud thud.

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